Sleeping With The Enemy Essay -- essays research papers

Sleeping With the EnemySummaryOppression of women in our patriarchal society is seen daily. Men dominate women in so many government agencys it becomes firmly to distinguish one form of oppression from another. In the movie Sleeping With the Enemy, a young woman battles daily with an abusive, domineering husband. Although the outside world whitethorn view Lauras look as perfective, the viewer sees the whole truth. Lauras perfect life consists of an attractive, wealthy husband who would do anything for her-even kill. They live in a beautiful sign of the zodiac on the coast, and Laura does not have to work if she so chooses. Every day Laura is tortured and ridiculed and criticized by her husband. Her husband, Martin Burns, is obsessed about keeping the household in perfect condition. If one towel is out of line, one can out of order in the cupboard, or if dinner is slightly late, Laura receives a severe beating. The only way for Laura to escape from her tyrannical husband is by s taging her own death.Laura takes her husband and neighbor out on a sailboat one stormy eventide to execute her plan of escape. She "falls" off the boat and swims to shore. Her husband believes that Laura dies at sea because she could not swim. Secretly, though, Laura had been taking swimming lessons at the YWCA in order to ease her plan. After packing a small bag with some personal items and money, Laura Burns abandons her abusive husband and leaves her miserable life behind. Thus begins Laura Burns new life as Sara Waters. She changes her name, location, situation, and is reborn.In Lauras new life, she works at a library and starts to date a amass. As Sara, she is able to enjoy life and be free. Sara rebuilds her self-esteem, is able to pass off more time with her mother, and can relax without being afraid of whether the shelves in the kitchen will meet her husbands standards. The escape seemed foolproof, until Martin found a piece of evidence that proves Laura is exemp t alive. (Laura had thrown her wedding ring in the toilet and Martin finally sees it.) After weeks of searching, Martin is able to hunt mass his wife. He feels that if he cannot have her, then no one will. Sara does not want to return to the terrible oppressive lifestyle she was trapped in before. Instead of giving up her new life, she shoots the "intruder" in her house and puts an end to her husbands reign of terror over her.... ...common and rarely reported. Memories of these experiences often become suppressed because of the personal humiliation and shame women feel about the situation. pit that, in the movie, Laura never seeks legal retribution for Martins abuse, all she wants to do is escape. Sexual abuse and spousal abuse are psychologically devastating for women because these are acts that cut down feelings of guilt upon the victim. It is too often that a female rape victim will do nothing because she feels responsible. In the beginning of the movie, when Laura wa s subjected to daily abuse from her husband, she believably started to feel like she deserved the treatment because her husband constantly beat her down emotionally and made her feel like nothing. When someone is beaten down for long enough they start to believe that they are worthless. Finally, Laura escapes her oppressor forever when she kills him. Not all women are so fortunate to be able to start their lives over, though. more women die from domestic violence, and most men do not suffer consequences for their actions. This movie shows the triumph of a woman over her oppressor because she goes to any length to gain her freedom and respect.

Understanding the Great Commission by the Grace of God and the Help of

Understanding the Great Commission by the Grace of God and the Help of a Cloud of Witnesses alone authority in heaven and on earth has been given to me. Therefore go and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the hallowed Spirit, and teaching them to obey everything I provoke commanded you. And surely I am with you always, to the very end of the age. Matthew 2818 Clear as a bell, de acknowledgery boy calls from the pages of scripture to share His love with one another, making disciples of all nations, teaching all tidy sums to obey his commandments. But how do we do this? What design would God have us follow in evangelizing in this world? What is the best method of sharing witness of Christ in human life, without alienating and condemning people who do not share our knowledge of salvation? In sharing stories of faith and life experience, an author shapes both personal and public perception of what it is to live with Christia n faith. To write is to give voice to thoughts from the minds inner tissue and the spirits impulse, to interlock energy and life into communication of ideas and conceptions. As a transformative thinking process, autobiography transcends physical limits. In reading Breathing Space, I became familiar with Neumarks personal world, familiar with her feeling on relationships, her church, her adept of mission and her desires for Gods presence in her life. Though I had never met her before she flew to campus to speak about her book, I felt as though I knew her on sight. This suspension of physical limitations on the transmission of thought and feeling holds an incredible potential for communication of faith, though it is not necessarily mutual she hadnt a clue ... ...ing to accept the love of Jesus down in my soul, and accepting myself as sinner, I trust that Gods testament in my life is coming to fruition. For I have a piece of love that will never grow old Bibliopgraphy Hettinga, Don ald R. Presenting Madeleine LEngle. New York Twayne, 1993. LEngle, Madeleine. Two-Part Invention The Story of a Marriage. Toronto Collins, 1988. LEngle, Madeleine. Walking on Water Reflections on Faith and Art. Weaton, Illinois Harold Shaw, 1980. Neumark, Heidi. Breathing Space. Boston Beacon, 2003. Yohanannan, K.P. Revolution in World Missions. Carrollton, Texas church doctrine for Asia, 2003. Sources Consulted Bosch, David J. Transforming Mission Paradigm Shift in Theology of Mission. Maryknoll Orbis, 2000. Thomas, Nicholas. Colonialisms Culture Anthropology Travel and Government. Princeton Princeton, 1994.

Essay --

Draw backs of recursion Recursion consumes more memory and stack space. Every recursive method mobilize produces a new instance of the method, one with a new set of local variables. The total stack space used depends upon the level of nesting of the recursion process, and the number of local variables and parameters. Recursive version is usually slower. Recursion may perform redundant computations. In sum, one has to weight the simplicity of the code delivered by recursion against its drawbacks as described above. When a relatively simple iterative solution is possible, it is definitely a better alternativeIn recursion factorial we must ensure that factorial is nalways ever called with a negative N. Recursion method less efficient. Recursive version is shorter, clearer and slower. Recursion offers more elegant solutions. Use recursion for clarity and for a reduction in the time necessitate to write and debug code, not for space savings or speed of execution.Recursion can be savior at times- Actually will recursion whenever we deal with entropy structure related to linked list or xml for gener...

Gentoo Install Guide :: essays research papers

Gen excessivelyGentoo-http//www.gentoo.org/Gentoo is a distribution that has 3 antithetic unspiritual regularitys. You can just inst completely from the CDs known as form 3. You can install the base system from CD known as stage 2 and then custom compile the rest of the OS from scratch to bring it to stage 3. This makes the system faster and more responsive but takes some time. Last is the stage 1 install where EVERYTHING is built from scratch. This makes for an EXTREMELY customized and streamlined system. However this method can take DAYS depending on the speed of your computer. A broadband connection would be recommened for a stage 2 or 1 install. Gentoo does all this with what is called Portage. you can basically type "emerge nameofprogram" and it will download, configure and compile the software for you. This makes maintaining the system very easy. Gentoo also has a great support base and is available for the MAC platform as well.install pop offNote-The following g uide is EXACTLY what I did for my install and it was adapted from the official gentoo installation enchiridion here.-http//www.gentoo.org/doc/en/handbook/index.xml1. Download and burn the x86 minimal ISO and boot from the CD.2. You will see a boot prompt where you can choose different kernels or view other options. Well just hit enter since we dont need anything special.3. You will then see a splash screen with a royal cow and the system will boot in the background.4. When its done you will have the standard linux command prompt. You will do everything for the install from here. No GUIs for you .5. For this guide I will use an internet connection for everything. It is possible to install from CDs as well but including that info here would make it WAY too long. As such we need to maek sure networking is working correctly. To check use the "ifconfig" command. There should be an entry for eth0. If so run this command "dhcpcd eth0" that will postulation an ip address f rom the router. If you dont see anything with ifconfig try "ifconfig -a" if there is no ethx entry then the network card did get the correct driver loaded at boot. You will have to look up what kind of network card you have and find the appropriate module (driver) and load it using the modprobe command. I had to do this myself "modprobe pcnet32" to load the correct driver.

Major Challenges of Organizational Management Essay example -- Busines

Major Challenges of Organizational ManagementThere are a number of differences amidst FMCs Aberdeen and Green River, the two facilities of discussion. One may assume, therefore, that managerial styles, business practices, and another(prenominal) aspects of business and the employees involved, would be very different from integrity another. On the other hand, it is quite possible to use very similar styles of doing business and managing a company, despite differences in the company, as a good style of managing, and good practices would attention any business in succeeding. Management, employees and productivity being the main focuses at hand, one may first want to review these differences between the two facilities. To attempt with, the facility in Aberdeen employs 100 people, while the Green River plant maintains 1150, and while Green River produces over 100 goods, and distributes world wide, the Aberdeen plant has only one product, and one customer. The two plants were very dif ferent in age and industry as well, with Green River as an older company in the chemical industry, and Aberdeen, a atomic number 23 year old start up company in the defense industry. Considering that the Green River facility has been in operation as long as it has, major(ip) changes to the companys methods of operation may prove to be difficult initially. The large number of employees may provide a need for some polished changes in comparison to the way that the Aberdeen facility is able to manage successfully. The general idea of changing the values of managing employees, to incorporate the employees opinions, thoughts, feelings, to make the employee feel more(prenominal) than a part of, and personally responsible for, the work produced, is an excellent idea, and despite the differences in the facilities, it should be something of an improvement for this, and any, company. This general idea starts the more involved process of up(a) an employees satisfaction with all of their j ob facets, and focuses on their abilities, desire to succeed, and other aspects of importance to a person in the workplace. An excessive amount of change, or locomote change, is a possible concern for a facility like Green River that has been established for a considerable length of time, as employees have grown disposed to a certain atmosphere, and may initially feel uncomfortable with change. Again, it is also likely that this is not... ...chain on the other hand, though still managed with upper and lower levels, reacts more as a team, giving those involved more recognition for their accomplishments. People who are recognized as such, and appreciated for their individual strengths, may be more likely to utilize these strengths and feel that they are a part of the company, rather than a pawn of the company. There is something very positive to be said for this typewrite of thinking, if everyone on the Earth felt that a small positive contribution to its well being would be recog nized, and make a difference, I tin can almost guarantee that we would be living in a very different world today. Works CitedOrganizational Behavior, Jennifer M George & Gareth R Jones, right of first publication 2002 by Pearson Education, Inc., Ch. 1-4Prentice Hall, Custom Business Resources, FMC Aberdeen from Practice Problems in Organizations Cases in Leadership, Organizational Behavior and Human Resources, by James G Clawson, A Custom Edit, Copyright 2003 Pearson Custom PublishingIf the job could talkBy Bill J. Bonnstetter Copyright 2000. TTI Performance Systems, Ltd.http//www.benchmarkingdna.com/showPDF.php?file=Articles_IfTheJobCouldTalk

Major Challenges of Organizational Management Essay example -- Busines

Major Challenges of Organizational ManagementThere are a number of differences in the midst of FMCs Aberdeen and Green River, the two facilities of discussion. One whitethorn assume, therefore, that managerial miens, business practices, and other aspects of business and the employees knobbed, would be very different from single another. On the other hand, it is quite possible to use very similar styles of doing business and managing a company, despite differences in the company, as a good style of managing, and good practices would assist any business in succeeding. Management, employees and productivity being the main focuses at hand, one may first want to review these differences between the two facilities. To begin with, the facility in Aberdeen employs 100 people, while the Green River plant maintains 1150, and while Green River produces over 100 goods, and distributes world wide, the Aberdeen plant has hardly one product, and one customer. The two plants were very different in age and industry as well, with Green River as an older company in the chemic industry, and Aberdeen, a five year old start up company in the defense industry. Considering that the Green River facility has been in operation as coherent as it has, major changes to the companys methods of operation may prove to be difficult initially. The large number of employees may provide a compulsion for some small changes in comparison to the way that the Aberdeen facility is able to manage successfully. The general idea of changing the values of managing employees, to incorporate the employees opinions, thoughts, olfactionings, to make the employee feel more a part of, and personally responsible for, the work produced, is an excellent idea, and despite the differences in the facilities, it should be something of an improvement for this, and any, company. This general idea starts the more involved process of improving an employees satisfaction with all of their job facets, and focuses on their abilities, desire to succeed, and other aspects of importance to a person in the workplace. An excessive number of change, or rushed change, is a possible concern for a facility like Green River that has been established for a considerable length of time, as employees dedicate grown accustomed to a certain atmosphere, and may initially feel uncomfortable with change. Again, it is also likely that this is not... ...chain on the other hand, though still managed with f number and lower levels, reacts more as a team, giving those involved more recognition for their accomplishments. People who are recognized as such, and appreciated for their individual strengths, may be more likely to utilize these strengths and feel that they are a part of the company, rather than a pawn of the company. There is something very positive to be said for this type of thinking, if everyone on the Earth felt that a small positive contribution to its well being would be recognized, and make a differ ence, I can almost guarantee that we would be living in a very different world today. Works CitedOrganizational Behavior, Jennifer M George & Gareth R Jones, Copyright 2002 by Pearson Education, Inc., Ch. 1-4Prentice Hall, Custom Business Resources, FMC Aberdeen from Practice Problems in Organizations Cases in Leadership, Organizational Behavior and Human Resources, by James G Clawson, A Custom Edit, Copyright 2003 Pearson Custom PublishingIf the job could talkBy Bill J. Bonnstetter Copyright 2000. TTI Performance Systems, Ltd.http//www.benchmarkingdna.com/showPDF.php?file=Articles_IfTheJobCouldTalk

Financial Analysis of Tcs and Tech Mahindra

ACCOUNTS PROJECT Submitted By Kriti Singh Roll No 236 fragment-D, LBSIM, Delhi 1. ) Calculation of proportions (All figures used For calculation ar in Rs crores) Liquidity ratios 1. reliable symmetry approach pattern Current dimension=Current Assets /Current Liability Current proportionality of TCS For 2012 23275. 09/10465. 01 = 2. 224 For 2011 17036. 41/7246. 03 = 2. 3511 Current proportion of technical school Mahindra For 2012 19809/17007 = 1. 16475 For 2011 18412/15295 = 1. 20379 2. Quick Ratio Formula Quick Ratio= Quick Current Assets/Current Liability Quick Ratio of TCSFor 2012 23257. 32/10465. 01 = 2. 223 For 2011 17013. 59/7246. 03 = 2. 347 Quick Ratio of technical school Mahindra For 2012 19807/17007 = 1. 16463 For 2011 18406/15295 = 1. 20339 3. coin ratio Formula Cash Ratio of TCS For 2012 6003. 37/10465. 01 =0. 5736 For 2011 4700. 85/7246. 03 =0. 648 Cash Ratio of technical school Mahindra For 2012 1389/17007 = 0. 081 For 2011 1938/15295 = 0. 126 leverage Ra tios 1. Debt-Assets Ratio Formula Debt to Assets = tot up debt / fit assets Debt-Assets Ratio of TCS For 2012 116. 26/41394. 49 =0. 0028 For 2011 69. 27/32681. 04 =0. 0021Debt-Assets Ratio of Tech Mahindra For 2012 11266/63454 = 0. 177 For 2011 11827/60804 =0. 194 2. Debt righteousness Ratio Formula Debt to Equity Ratio =(Short Term Debt + Long Term Debt)/Tangible N. W. Debt to Equity Ratio of TCSFor 2012 116. 26/29840. 13 =0. 003 For 2011 69. 27/24651. 22 =0. 002 Debt to Equity Ratio of Tech Mahindra For 2012 11266/34369 = 0. 327 For 2011 11827/33810 =0. 349 3. Interest coverage Ratio Formula Interest Coverage Ratio =(EBIT) / occupy.Interest coverage Ratio of TCS For 2012 13945. 54/22. 23 =627. 32 For 2011 11047. 1/26. 48 =417. 18 Interest coverage Ratio of Tech Mahindra For 2012 7494/1025 =7. 3112 For 2011 9173/1113 =8. 2416 4. total Debt Ratio Formula Total Debt Ratio = Total Debt / Capital Employed Total Debt Ratio of TCS For 2012 116. 26/30929. 48 =0. 00375 For 2011 6 9. 27/25435. 01 =0. 0027 Total Debt Ratio of Tech Mahindra For 2012 11266/46447 = 0. 425 For 2011 11827/45509 =0. 259 legal action Ratios 1. roll disorder Ratio Formula Inventory employee turnover Ratio = Cost of Goods Sold/Inventory Cost Inventory turnover Ratio of TCSFor 2012 35398. 69/ 17. 77 =1992. 04 For 2011 26907. 89/22. 82 =1179. 132 Inventory turnover Ratio of Tech MahindraFor 2012 46638/2 =23319 For 2011 42861/6 =7143. 5 2. Receivables turnover Ratios Formula Receivable Turnover Ratio = Sales/ Accounts Receivable Receivables turnover Ratio of TCSFor 2012 48893. 83/11520. 35 =4. 244 For 2011 37324. 1/8194. 97 =4. 554 Receivables turnover Ratio of Tech MahindraFor 2012 52430/12431 =4. 217 For 2011 49655/9643 =5. 149 3. Payable turnover Ratios Formula Payable Turnover Ratio = Cost/ Average Payables Payable turnover Ratio of TCSFor 2012 35398. 69/ 3247. 87 =10. 89 For 2011 26907. 89/2572. 33 =10. 46 Payable turnover Ratio of Tech MahindraFor 2012 46638/4684 =9. 956 For 201 1 42861/3034 =14. 126 4. rigid assets turnover Ratios Formula laid assets turnover Ratios = Sales/ Fixed Assets Fixed assets turnover Ratios of TCS For 2012 48893. 83/6564. 97 =7. 4 For 2011 37324. 51/5440. 98 =6. 85 Fixed assets turnover Ratios of Tech Mahindra For 2012 52430/8153 =6. 430 For 2011 49655/6608 =7. 5143 5. Total assets turnover Ratios Formula Total assets turnover Ratios = Sales/ Total Assets Total assets turnover Ratios of TCS For 2012 48893. 83/11520. 35 =4. 244 For 2011 37324. 51/8194. 97 =4. 554 Total assets turnover Ratios of Tech Mahindra For 2012 52430/63454 =0. 826 For 2011 49655/60804 =0. 816 Profitability Ratios 1. PBIT Ratio Formula PBIT Ratio = EBIT/Sales PBIT Ratio of TCS For 2012 13945. 54/48893. 83 =0. 285 For 2011 11047. 1/37324. 51 =0. 959 PBIT Ratio of Tech Mahindra For 2012 7494/52430 =0. 1429 For 2011 9173/49655 =0. 1847 2. PBT Ratio Formula PBT Ratio = EBT/Sales PBT Ratio of TCS For 2012 13923. 31/48893. 83 =0. 284 For 2011 11020. 62/37324. 51 = 0. 2952 PBT Ratio of Tech Mahindra For 2012 5790/52430 =0. 1104 For 2011 8060/49655 =0. 1623 3. PAT Ratio Formula PAT Ratio= EAT/Sales PAT Ratio of TCS For 2012 10413. 4/48893. 83 =0. 212 For 2011 9068. 04/37324. 51 =0. 242 PAT Ratio of Tech Mahindra For 2012 4606/52430 =0. 0878 For 2011 6967/49655 =0. 1403 4. ROA Ratio Formula ROA Ratio= EBIT/ Total Asset ROA Ratio of TCS For 2012 13945. 4/41394. 49 =0. 336 For 2011 11047. 1/32681. 04 =0. 338 ROA Ratio of Tech Mahindra For 2012 7494/63454 =0. 118 For 2011 9173/60804 =0. 15 5. roe Ratio Formula ROE Ratio= EAT/Stockholders Equity ROE Ratio of TCS For 2012 10413. 4/29840. 13 =0. 348 For 2011 9068. 04/24651. 22 =0. 367 ROE Ratio of Tech Mahindra For 2012 4606/34369 =0. 134 For 2011 6967/33810 =0. 206 Analysis of Ratios Liquidity Ratios Ratio TCS Tech Mahindra 2012 2011 2012 2011 Current Ratio 2. 224 2. 3511 1. 16475 1. 20379 Quick Ratio 2. 2223 2. 347 1. 16463 1. 20339 Cash Ratio 0. 5736 0. 648 0. 081 0. 126Ideal up-to-date ratio is 21. In pillow slip of TCS in both(prenominal) years accredited ratio is almost equal to it. It means company has just the sufficient amount of current assets. In case of Tech Mahindra, Current ratio is less than it in both the years. But it is still greater than 11. So the company still has sufficient assets to pay its short term obligations. Quick assets means current assets inventory prepaid exp. So, it is more conservative measure. Ideal degraded ratio is 11. It shows that TCS and Tech Mahindra find very less current investments in terms of inventories and prepaid expenses so the ratios are almost equal to the current ratios.Cash ratio is most conservative measure of three as it comprises only cash and marketable securities. TCS keeps more current assets in cash than Tech Mahindra. Leverage Ratios Ratio TCS Tech Mahindra 2012 2011 2012 2011 Debt Assets ratio 0. 0028 0. 0021 0. 177 0. 194 Debt To Equity Ratio 0. 003 0. 002 0. 327 0. 349 Interest Coverage Ratio 627. 32 417. 18 7. 3112 8. 2416 Total Debt Ratio 0. 00375 0. 0027 0. 2425 0. 259 Analysis of a libertines capital structure is essential to evaluate its long-term risk and return prospects. Debt assets ratio implies portion of total debt in capital structure of a company.The more this ratio is the more risky company is because make up of debt is always greater than cost of equity. So, it is preferred to pee-pee more amount of equity than debts. For both TCS and Tech Mahindra, debt ratio is good enough though TCS has better debt ratio. Interest coverage ratio measures the protection addressable to creditors as the extent to which earnings available for interest cover interest expenses. In case of both companies in both years debt holders are secured as enough profit is available with secure but in case of TCS debt holders are very much secured.Payment of interest on debentures is always preferred to payment of dividends on equity and preference shares. Activity ratios Ratio TCS Tech Ma hindra 2012 2011 2012 2011 Inventory Turnover Ratio 1992. 04 1179. 132 23319 7143. 5 Receivables Turnover Ratio 4. 244 4. 554 4. 217 5. 149 Payable Turnover Ratio 10. 89 10. 46 9. 956 14. 126 Fixed Assets turnover Ratio 7. 44 6. 85 6. 430 7. 5143 Total Assets Turnover ratio 1. 18 1. 142 0. 826 0. 816 Activity ratios describe the relationship between the firms sales/cost of goods sold and the assets needed to sustain operating activities.The full(prenominal)er(prenominal)(prenominal) the ratio, the more efficient the firms operations as relatively few assets are required to maintain a granted level of operation. Inventory turnover ratio measures the efficiency of the firms inventory management. A higher ratio means inventory does not remain in warehouses for long time. In both years Tech Mahindra has higher ratio than TCS has. Since both are software companies, need for inventory is very less. Hence the ratios are so high. Receivable turnover ratio measures the efficiencies of th e firms credit policies and indicate the level of investment in receivables needed to maintain the firms sales level.The higher this ratio, the lesser the boundary in which debtors pays money. Its almost similar for both the companies for 2011-12. For 2010-11, Tech Mahindra is slightly out front in comparison to TCS in this parameter . It implies that Tech Mahindra gives credit to its customer for lesser time period than TCS does. In 2010-11 average out credit time given by TCS is 365/4. 554=80 days approx. while by Tech Mahindra is 365/5. 149=70 days. Payable turnover ratio implies the time duration by and by which company makes payments to its creditors. The higher ayable turnover ratio, the earlier company makes payments to its creditors. TCSs payable turnover ratio is slightly better than that of Tech Mahindra in 2011-12. For 2010-11, Tech Mahindra has better payable ratio than TCS as it makes payment to its creditors earlier. Fixed assets turnover ratio measures the efficie ncy of long-term investment. This ratio reflects the level of sales generated by investment in production force and shows the efficiency level of fixed assets. The higher this ratio means more productive and efficient are fixed assets or long-term investments.From table it is light(a) that investments of TCS are slightly more productive than of Tech Mahindra for 2011-12 but it was reverse by almost the same amount for 2010-11. Total assets turnover ratio considers total assets instead of only current assets so it measures over every last(predicate) efficiencies of all assets (current fixed). TCS has a better ratio than Tech Mahindra has. Profitability Ratios Ratio TCS Tech Mahindra 2012 2011 2012 2011 PBIT Ratio 2. 224 2. 3511 0. 1429 0. 1847 PBT Ratio 0. 284 0. 2952 0. 1104 0. 1623 PAT Ratio 0. 212 0. 242 0. 0878 0. 1403 ROA 0. 336 0. 338 0. 118 0. 150 ROE 0. 48 0,367 0. 134 0. 206 This is the most important ratio because both shareholders and stakeholders profit/gain depends on profitability of company. These ratios measures profitability in terms of % of sales. Debenture holders are much concerned about PBIT(profit originally interest and levy) as they are paid interest out of it, government is more concerned about PBT(profit before appraise) as it charge tax on this profit, shareholders are more concerned about PAT(profit after tax) as they are paid dividends on the basis of it. For both the companies there is a little transmute in these ratios over the previothemyear.Also profitability of TCS is more than Tech Mahindra. ROA measures the managements ability and efficiency in using the firms assets to generate profits and it broods the total return accruing to all providers of capital(debt and equity) while ROE considers amount available for distribution to shareholders. Both ROA and ROE are undoubtedly better for TCS than those of Tech Mahindra. TCS is giving superb rate of return on equity to its shareholders as 33-34 % in last two years while tha t for Tech Mahindra is 15-17%. The relationship between ROA and ROE reflects the firms capital structure. 2. Horizontal, erect and gallery Analysis Items selected For horizontal, vertical and trend analysis are Items TCS Tech Mahindra 2012 2011 2012 2011 Shareholders Fund 29579. 23 24504. 81 34432 33840 Inventory 17. 77 22. 82 2 6 Fixed Assets 6564. 97 5440. 98 8153 6608 Cash and bank eternal sleep 6003. 47 4700. 85 1389 1938 Creditors 3247. 87 2572. 33 4684 3034 Debtors 11520. 35 8194. 97 12431 9643 Total assets/liabilities 41394. 49 32681. 04 63454 60804 Vertical Analysis In vertical analysis Auditors calculate portion of one item in total assets/liabilities in terms of percentages.Items TCS Tech Mahindra 2012 2011 2012 2011 Shareholders Fund 71. 45 74. 98 54. 26 55. 65 Inventory 0. 042 0. 069 0. 003 0. 009 Fixed Assets 15. 85 16. 64 12. 848 10. 86 Cash and bank balance 14. 5 14. 38 2. 18 3. 18 Creditors 7. 846 7. 871 7. 381 4. 9 Debtors 27. 83 25. 07 19. 59 15. 85 Horizont al Analysis In horizontal analysis Auditors calculate % change in an item over a base year. Here Auditors are considering 2009-10 as base year and will calculate % change. Items TCS Tech Mahindra 2012 2011 2012 2011 Shareholders Fund 95. 29 nose candy 97. 50 100Inventory 60. 87 100 33. 33 100 Fixed Assets 95. 25 100 118. 30 100 Cash and bank balance 100. 83 100 68. 55 100 Creditors 99. 68 100 150. 63 100 Debtors 111. 01 100 123. 59 100 Trend Analysis For TCS For Tech Mahindra 3. Suggestions i. Creditors Since the debt ratios are less, there is a lot of assets and equity backing for the debts. Its a safe bet to lend to both of these companies. ii. Banks and monetary institutions Interest Coverage ratio is high. So lending to these companies is a safe thing to do. (More so to TCS which has excellent Interest Coverage Ratio) iii.Investors Both the companies have high ROE. So its a good option to invest in them. Returns of TCS are as high as 34-36% while that of Tech Mahindra are 15 -17%. iv. organisation revenue benefits can be tightened a bit. Because with the proportion of sales tax appears to be less. PBT and PAT ratios for both the companies are almost equal. v. counseling Crediting policies should be changed a bit. Because software industry being a intangible industry cant rely much on low recievables turnover ratio. 4. cleans report Policies TCS Fixed Assets Fixed assets are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation / amortization.Costs include all expenses incurred to bring the asset to its present location and condition. Fixed assets unpack computers and other assets individually costing 50,000 or less which are not capitalized except when they are part of a larger capital investment program. wear and tear / Amortization Depreciation / amortization on fixed assets, other than freehold land and capital work-in-progress is charged so as to write-off the cost of assets, on the pastime basis Type of asset Method Rate / Period Leasehold land a nd buildings Straight cable television Lease period Freehold buildings Written down value 5%Factory buildings Straight notation 10% Leasehold improvements Straight line Lease period give and machinery Straight line 33. 33% Computer equipment Straight line 25% Vehicles Written down value 25. 89% Office equipment Written down value 13. 91% Electrical installations Written down value 13. 91% Furniture and fixtures Straight line 100% Intellectual property / distribution rights Straight line 24 60 months Rights under licensing agreement Straight line License period Fixed assets purchased for specific projects are depreciated over the period of the project. InvestmentsLong-term investments are stated at cost, less provision for other than temporary decline in value. Current investments, except for current maturities of long term investments, comprising investment in mutual funds are stated at the dispirit of cost and fair value. Inventories Raw materials, sub-assemblies and component s are carried at the lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost is determined on a weighted average basis. Purchased goods-in-transit are carried at cost. Work-in-progress is carried at the lower of cost and net realisable value. Stores and spare parts are carried at cost, less provision for obsolescence.Finished goods produced or purchased by the Company are carried at lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost includes direct material and labtheir cost and a proportion of manufacturing overheads. Tech Mahindra Fixed Assets including intangible assets Fixed assets are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Costs comprise of purchase price and attributable costs, if any. Depreciation / amortization of fixed assets (i) The Company computes depreciation of all fixed assets including for assets taken on lease using the straight line method based on estimated useful lives.Depreciation is charged on a pro rata basis for assets purchased or sold during the year. Managements est imate of the useful life of fixed assets is as follows Buildings 28 years Computers 3 years Plant and machinery 5 years Furniture and fixtures 5 years Vehicles 3-5 Years Office Equipments 5 years (ii) Leasehold land is amortised over the period of lease. (iii) Leasehold improvements are amortised over the period of lease or expected period of occupancy whichever is less. (iv)Intellectual property rights are amortised over a period of seven years. (v) Assets costing upto Rs 5,000 are fully depreciated in the year of purchase. vi)The cost of software purchased for internal use is capitalized and depreciated in full in the month in which it is put to use. Investments Long term investments are carried at cost. Provision is made to recognise a decline other than temporary in the carrying amount of long term investment. Current investments are carried at lower of cost and fair value. Inventories Components and parts Components and parts are valued at lower of cost and net realizable value . Cost is determined on First-In-First fall out basis. Finished Goods Valued at the lower of the cost or net realisable value. Cost is determined on First-In-First Out basis. . ) let on Highlights TCS a. ) Auditors extend 1. Auditors have scrutinizeed the attached coalesced Balance Sheet of TATA CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED (the Company) and its subsidiaries (collectively referred as the TCS host) as at March 31, 2012,the Consolidated literary argument of Profit and Loss and the Consolidated Cash Flow Statement for the year stop on that date, both annexed thereto. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Companys management and have been prepared by the management on the basis of separate financial statements and other financial tuition regarding components.Their responsibility is to express an panorama on these financial statements based on their audit. 2. Auditors conducted their audit in accordance with the auditing standards generally judge in India. Those Standards require that Auditors plan and perform the audit to induce reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatements. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements.An audit also includes assessing the papering principles used and significant estimates made by the management, as wellspringhead as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. Auditors believe that their audit provides a reasonable basis for their opinion. 3. Auditors did not audit the financial statements of certain subsidiaries whose financial statements reflect total assets (net) of 4825. 13 crores as at March 31, 2012, total revenues of 7601. 89 crores and net cash inflow amounting to 514. 17 crores for the year ended on that date.These financial statements and other financial information has been audited by other auditors whose reports have been furnished to us, and the ir opinion in so faraway as it relates to the amounts included in respect of these subsidiaries is based solely on the report of other auditors. 4. Auditors report that the unite financial statements have been prepared by the Companys management in accordance with the requirements of the Accounting Standard (AS) 21, Consolidated financial Statements ordained by the Central Government under Section 211 (3C) of the Companies Act, 1956 and other recognized accounting practices and policies. 5.Based on their audit and on consideration of the separate audit reports on the individual financial statements of the Company and the aforesaid subsidiaries and other financial information of the components, and to the best of their information and according to the explanations given to us, Auditors are of the opinion that the attached consolidated financial statements give a true and fair look in conformity with the accounting principles generally accepted in India (i) in the case of the Con solidated Balance Sheet, of the state of affairs of the TCS Group as at March 31, 2012 (ii) in the case of the Consolidated Statement of Prof t and Loss, of the profit of the TCS Group for the year ended on that date and (iii) in the case of Consolidated Cash Flow Statement, of the cash flows of the TCS Group for the year ended on that date. b. ) Management Discussion The Companys strategy to support longer term growth is to continually extend the core IT operate line of products by expanding its geographical reach, industry coverage and servicing capabilities and by deepening existing client elationships, building or acquiring emerging businesses and adopting or creating hot business models and business solutions. Risks The Company has put in place an Enterprise-wide Risk Management (ERM) programme based on the Committee of Sponsoring Organisations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) framework. embraces are placed before the mesa of Directors at regular intervals. The risk man agement mold is continuously improved and adapted to the changing global risk scenario. The agility of the risk management process is monitored and reviewed for appropriateness with the changing risk landscape. The process of continuous evaluation of risks includes taking stock of the risk landscape on an event driven as well as quarterly basis.The risk categories covered under the ERM programme includes strategic, operational and financial as well as compliance-related risks across respective(a) levels of the organisation. This includes risk perspicacity and mitigation at the company level, business / functional unit level, relationship level and project level. c. ) Corporate Governance Effective corporate governance practices take form the strong foundations on which successful commercial enterprises are built to last. These practices are categorised through with(predicate) principle based standards and not just through a framework enforced by regulation. It develops through adoption of ethical practices in all of its dealings with a wide group of stakeholders encompassing regulators, employees, shareholders, customers and vendors.Strong leadership and strong corporate governance practices have been the Companys hallmark and it has inherited these from the Tata culture. The Company will handle to focus its resources, strengths and strategies to achieve its vision of becoming a truly global leader in software services, while upholding the core determine of excellence, integrity, responsibility, unity and understanding, which are fundamental to the Tata companies. By combining ethical values with business acumen, globalisation with national interests and core business with emerging business, the Company aims to be amongst the largest and most respected global organisations. The Company elieves in adopting the best practices that are followed in the area of corporate governance across various geographies. The Company has a strong legacy of fair, transp arent and ethical governance practices. The Company has espouse a ordinance of Conduct for its employees including the Managing Director and the Executive Directors. In addition, the Company has adopted a Code of Conduct for its Non-Executive Directors. Both these codes are available on the Companys website. The Companys corporate governance philosophy has been further strengthened through the Tata Business Excellence Model, the Tata Code of Conduct for stripe of Insider Trading, as also the Code of Corporate Disclosure Practices.The Company has in place an Information Security Policy that ensures proper utilisation of IT resources. The Company is in compliance with the requirements stipulated under Clause 49 of the list Agreements entered into with the Stock Exchanges with regard to corporate governance. Tech Mahindra a. ) Auditors Report The audit was conducted in accordance with the auditing standards generally accepted in India. Those Standards require that auditors plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatements. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and the disclosures in the financial statements.An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and the significant estimates made by the Management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. Auditors believe that their audit provides a reasonable basis for their opinion. (a) Auditors have obtained all the information and explanations which to the best of their knowledge and article of belief were necessary for the pur queers of their audit (b) In their opinion, proper books of account as required by law have been kept by the Company so far as it appears from their examination of those books (c) The Balance Sheet, the Statement of Profit and Loss and the Cash Flow Statement dealt with by this report are in agreement with the ooks of account (d) In their opinion, the Balance Sheet, the Statement of Prof t and Loss and the Cash Flow Statement dealt with by this report are in compliance with the Accounting Standards referred to in Section 211(3C) of the Companies Act, 1956 (e) In their opinion and to the best of their information and according to the explanations given to them, the said accounts give the information required by the Companies Act, 1956 in the bearing so required and give a true and fair view in conformity with the accounting principles generally accepted in India (i) In the case of the Balance Sheet, of the state of affairs of the Company as at 31st March, 2012 (ii) In the case of the Statement of Profit and Loss, of the profit of the Company for the year ended on that date and (iii) In the case of the Cash Flow Statement, of the cash flows of the Company for the year ended on that date. b. ) Management Discussion Opportunities Growth in Emerging MarketsCompared to the subdued growth expected in developed markets, emerging markets will continue to drive relatively higher growth due to new spectrum licensing, migration to direct to home platforms, broadband penetration, focus on value added services and conducive regulatory environment. This will render opportunities for the software service providers who can advert operators in achieving their business objectives in these areas. Moreover, as the developing world focuses on shift of Mobility, it may bring in huge investments in this area which could create opportunities for companies like Tech Mahindra. Legacy to Next Generation IT transformationTelecom is a dynamic and evolving industry with high focus on consumers changing demands. Service providers around the globe, on the back of dropping legacy revenues and high costs, are looking to transform their clients legacy platforms into next generation platforms. This will enable clients to optimize their product portfolio, and issue the costs associated with running the systems. The se transformation initiatives will lead to outsourcing opportunities. Tech Mahindra has been at the forefront of helping its clients transform their businesses in line with the changing global telecom environment. Increased scope of outsourced activitiesAccess to talent and cost optimization is the key driver for outsourcing. Telecom service providers are adopting several outsourcing strategies to benefit from off shoring. One of the trends is services which traditionally were done in house are now being included in the scope of global sourcing. In the network domain, network outstheircing provides an chance for wide range of services like field services, maintenance & support, E2E implementations and network infrastructure management. Managed services deals to cover network legacy systems have been tried in the mature markets and a similar trend will continue for the coming years. Adoption of Next Generation TechnologiesThe telecom industry continues to adapt and evolve with new technologies and new ways to communicate. victoryive waves of new technology in wire-line, wireless and IP domains have been sweeping the industry landscape. The Telecom industry is also altering to cope up with the changing needs and behavitheir of consumers and increased competition. Customers believe in convenience, choice of services, responsiveness and cost as important parameters to choose their service provider. Success in current business environment is characterized by the ability to adapt to the higher user expectations on the one hand and a rapidly changing technology environment on the other.As mobile broadband penetration expands, quick monetization has become a strategy of paramount importance for telecom service providers. Service providers are now focusing on providing solutions to enterprises by enabling their applications to be accessed via mobile platforms such as smart phones and tablets. With the growth in brotherly network media across the world, coupled wit h higher broadband penetration, users have been voicing their views about quality of services. Analysis of user sentiments on such social networks, at heart limits of privacy laws, is another area where there has been a growth in demand. Threats Reduction in Telecom Spending The global economy is going through turbulent times and most companies are reacting to the increased volatility.Though cash-rich, telecom companies have turned cautious due to the challenging macroeconomic environment. The decisions cycles on new arbitrary spend are prolonged. The service providers continue to focus on reducing costs by adopting measures such as optimizing IT Spend and postponing investments. Such cost-saving measures could have an adverse impingement on outsourcing. Global IT companies posing challenge with growing India presence Global IT service providers such as Accenture, HP, CapGemini and IBM are expanding their presence in India and pose a challenge to Indian IT service companies with their global client relationships, deep pockets and domain knowledge. Risks High customer concentrationIn FY 2012, revenues from the leading client, top 5 and top 10 clients account for 37%, 68% and 78% respectively. Though customer concentration has been declining over the years, loss of any of these clients could have a material adverse impact on their revenue and profitability. After Mahindra Satyams merger with the Company customer concentration will reduce significantly. Withdrawal of tax benefits In the past Auditors benefited from certain income tax incentives under Section 10A of the Income Tax Act (for the IT services that Auditors provide from specially designated Software Technology Parks or STPs) and also from Section 10AA of the Income Tax Act (for the IT services Auditors render from units set up in SEZs).As a result of these incentives, their operations in India have been subject to relatively low tax liabilities. The income tax benefits available to STP units have b een discontinued from 1st April 2011. As this withdrawal was foreseen, the Company decided to set up facilities in SEZ units at various locations as the units set up in SEZ area would continue to provide them with tax benefits similar to those in STPs. Auditors commenced operations in SEZ units at Hinjewadi Pune, Chennai, Kolkata and Chandigarh. Additional units are coming up at Noida. But despite this, tax incidence will increase over the previous years due to withdrawal of Section 10A benefits.In addition, there is no assurance that the Indian government will not enact laws in the future that would adversely impact tax incentives further and consequently, their tax liabilities and profits. When their tax incentives expire or are terminated, their tax expense will materially increase, reducing their profitability. Exchange rate risks The exchange rate between the Indian Rupee and the British Pound and the Rupee and the U. S. Dollar has fluctuated widely in the recent past and may c ontinue to fluctuate significantly in the future. The average value of the Rupee for the FY 2011-12 against the British Pound appreciated by approx 7. 7% and against U. S. Dollar by approximately 4. 4% for the FY 2010-11.Accordingly, their operating results have been and will continue to be impacted by fluctuations in the exchange rate of the Indian Rupee with the British Pound, the U. S. Dollar along with other foreign currencies. Any beef up of the Indian Rupee against the British Pound, the U. S. Dollar or other foreign currencies, as witnessed in the last year, could adversely affect their profitability. c. ) Corporate Governance Report The Company believes that Corporate Governance is a set of guidelines to help fulfill its responsibilities to all its stakeholders. It is a voluntary code of self-discipline to ensure that the Company abides by highest ethical standards. In line with this philosophy, the Company follows healthyCorporate Governance practices and has been reportin g the same in annual report even before the Company was listed in swaggering 2006. scorecard of Directors The Composition of the Board is in total conformity with Clause 49 of the Listing Agreement, as amended from time to time. The Company has a balance mix of eminent executive, non-executive and independent directors on the Board. The total strength of the Board of Directors is eleven. The Company has a Non-executive Chairman, who is a professional Director in his individual cognitive content and belongs to the Promoter Group and the number of independent directors is seven which is more than half of the total strength of the Board as required by the provisions of the Listing Agreement.The number of Non-Executive Directors is ten which is more than 50% of the total number of Directors. The Company is managed by the Vice Chairman & Managing Director and the Management Team. The Board reviews and approves strategy and oversees the executing to ensure that the long term objective s of enhancing stakeholder value are met. The Independent Directors and the Senior Management have made disclosures to the Board confirming that there are no material financial and/or commercial transactions between them and the Company which could have potential conflict of interest with the Company at large. The Board meets at least four times a year and the maximum gap between two meetings is not more than four months.During the year 2011-12, six meetings of the Board of Directors were held on 20th April 2011, 26th May 2011, 12th August 2011, 15th November 2011, 8th February 2012 and 21st March 2012. Agenda for the Board Meetings containing all necessary information / documents is made available to the Board in advance to help the Board to discharge its responsibilities effectively and take informed decisions. In some instances, documents are tabled at the meetings and the concerned manager also makes presentations to the Board or Committees. None of the Directors on the Board is a member in more than 10 committees or acts as a Chairman of more than 5 committees across all companies in which he is a director.The directors of the Company are not inter se related. chief executive officer / CFO Certification As required under Clause 49 V of the Listing Agreement with the Stock Exchanges, a Certificate on the Financial Statements for the financial year ended on 31st March, 2012 has been given to the Board of Directors by the Vice Chairman & Managing Director and the Chief Financial Officer of the Company. Code of Conduct All the Directors and senior management personnel have affirmed compliance with the Code of Conduct/ Ethics as approved and adopted by the Board of Directors and a declaration to that effect signed by the Managing Director. The Code has been posted on the Companys website www. techmahindra. om Policy for restraint of Insider Trading In compliance with the provisions of SEBI (Prohibition of Insider Trading) Regulations, 1992, (as amended from time to time) and to preserve the confidentiality and prevent misuse of unpublished price sensitive information, the Company has adopted a policy for prohibition of Insider Trading for Directors and specified employees of the Company, relating to dealing in the shares of the Company. This policy also provides for periodical disclosures from designated employees as well as pre-clearance of transactions by such persons. Whistle cetacean mammal Policy The Company has a Whistle Blower Policy in place.In terms of this policy, all employees are encouraged to report any instance of unethical behaviour, fraud, violation of the Companys Code of Conduct or any behaviour which may otherwise be inappropriate and harmful to the Company. The policy provides a mechanism for employees to raise concerns that relate to violation of the Code of Conduct, Accounting, Internal Controls, Auditing Matters and applicable national and international laws including statutory / regulatory rules and regulation s. This policy has been communicated to all employees and has been posted on the Companys Intranet for ready access. Risk Management The Company has a well-defined risk management framework in place. The risk anagement framework adopted by the Company is discussed in detail in the Management Discussion and Analysis section of this Annual Report. The Company has established procedures to periodically place before the Board, the risk assessment and minimization procedures being followed by the Company and steps taken by it to mitigate these risks. 6. ) Share Prices Analysis Share Prices of TCS as on 29th August are nearly Rs 1352. 90. It has increased from approximately Rs 954 to Rs 1352. 90. Share prices have been on the increase in the last year. According to the price movements and ratios metrical it is a very good buy. Share Prices of Tech Mahindra as on 29th August are nearly Rs 875. 80.It has increased from approximately Rs 617 to Rs 875. 80. Share prices have been on the incre ase in the last year. According to the price movements and ratios calculated it is a good buy. Comparing both together TCS is a better buy. 7. ) Key Improvement Areas and Ratings a. ) Key Improvement Areas Both should try to reduce their debtors. Tech Mahindra should increase its volume of current assets. Rest both the companies are high acting companies as seen by the analysis and share prices. b. ) Rating TCS is better than Tech Mahindra as the ratios are fairly better for it. Also from investment point of view share prices and ROE has been better for TCS. Also profitability of TCS is higher.

Acknowledging Sources Essay

For this entry created by the educatee, the student apparently misunderstood the source materials since although the source mentioned the roughness of the sport, the member that was utilize by the student as the primary source material did non directly state nor imply that the spectators are acceptd in the roughness that occurs in ice hockey. Also the student adoptd that since the clause mentioned that there were built-in cooling-off periods and higher activated temperature than baseball or football (qtd. in McGrath 9), there was no cooling-off instances in the game of hockey (Spatt 475).2. Have the source images been acknowledged with sufficient and accurate documentation, harmonise to MLA style? The source ideas in this students demonstrate were not sufficiently and accurately documented based on the MLA style. This is evident in the lack of an in-text citation at the end of the paragraph of the students seek and thus committed an act of plagiarism. According to Spatt, even if the writer may have employ his or her own words in order to wee the paragraph, the ideas utilize by the student were that of McGrath (Spatt 475). Without the ideas provided by McGrath in his article, the student would not have been able to create the said essay paragraph. As such, credit and realization must be given to McGrath for his insights regarding the game of hockey (458-59).3. Have mentions from the source been indicated with book of facts mark? The student borrowed the term cooling-off periods (qtd. in McGrath 9) from the article that was utilize by the student from the source material without the use of quotation marks. This was the second error of the student that could cause the essay work be classified as a plagiarized essay. Not only did the student not acknowledge the source where the ideas for the essay were derived from, but also the student failed to acknowledge the exact wording used by the author of the source used by the student through the use of quotation marks (Spatt 459).Student Essay B1. Has the source been misquoted or misunderstood? The student had misunderstood the context of the essay presented by McGrath in his article (Spatt 475). Based on the essay that was constructed by the student, the reader of the essay would assume that the passionate emotional outbursts observed during hockey games were crucial in each hockey game (Spatt 475).2. Have the source ideas been acknowledged with sufficient and accurate documentation, harmonize to MLA style? Although the student acknowledged the author of the article from where the ideas for the essay were derived from, the student may have overdid the documentation. Since the student already specified the name of the author whose ideas were used in the essay, the student did not need to use the name of the author in the in-text citation at the end of the paragraph. The specification of the page number at the end of the essay paragraph would have sufficed (Spatt 469).Also, the student placed the in-text citation afterwards a period ending the essay. In creating in-text citation, this should be placed in front the period except in instances when the incident citation is located at the end of an indented quotation. It is only when indented quotations are include in the essay where the end of the indented quotation should be ended first with a period and then the parenthetical citation is placed after the period. This is because there are no quotation marks that would state the end of the indented quotation that was inserted in the essay (Spatt 469).3. Have quotations from the source been indicated with quotation marks? As with the first essay, the student borrowed the exact wording from the article used as the source material for the essay. In this case, the student failed to put the words cult of toughness (qtd. in McGrath 9) in quotation marks. Although the student did include an in-text citation in the essay, according to Spatt, there are two things t hat the student must remember to prevent plagiarism. The first is that the source of the ideas should be acknowledged in the form of in-text or parenthetical citations. The second is that if the student or the writer would opt to use the exact words used by the author in the resource material, the student should also place these in quotation marks (459).Student Essay C1. Has the source been misquoted or misunderstood? The student who created this essay did not misquote or send another meaning to the readers of his or her work apart from what the author of the resource material was trying to imply which was that although hockey was considered a rough sport, the roughness associated with this is embedded in the game similar to that of a ritual (Spatt 475-76).2. Have the source ideas been acknowledged with sufficient and accurate documentation, according to MLA style? The student properly acknowledged the author and the main source from where he or she derived the ideas for the essay f rom. Since the student already mentioned the name of the author of the article in the paragraph, the student only included the page number from where the article was located. The student also stated the page number where the article was located in the first place the period ending the sentence of the paragraph which is the correct placing for the parenthetical citation (Spatt 458-59).3. Have quotations from the source been indicated with quotation marks? The student had accurately indicated various basis that he or she had used in the essay he or she constructed with the use of quotation marks in order to establish to his or her readers that the student is acknowledging not just the source where the ideas where taken from, but also acknowledging that any(prenominal) of the vocabulary and terminologies that the student used in the essay where also the terminologies and vocabulary that were derived from the article as well (Spatt 459).Student Essay D1. Has the source been misquoted or misunderstood? The student who created this last essay was accurate in delivering the same idea that McGrath had (qtd. in Spatt 475) intended his article to relay to his readers.2. Have the source ideas been acknowledged with sufficient and accurate documentation, according to MLA style? Although the student had acknowledged the source materials used for the essay using a parenthetical citation, the style that was used by the student for the in-text citation was incorrect. The format to be used for using an in-text or parenthetical citation for the MLA style is to specify the last name of the author followed by the page number inside the parenthesis. The last name of the author should not be separated from the page number using a comma. Also, the page number should not be preceded by the letter p (Spatt 466-67).3. Have quotations from the source been indicated with quotation marks? The student had specified quotations from the source with quotation marks. However, there was only ones that needed to be placed in quotation marks which were the phrases fistfights to routinely assort out (qtd. in Spatt 475) and cult of toughness (qtd. in Spatt 475) since these were direct quotations from the article written by McGrath. The phrase burn at a high emotional level (Spatt 476) was a paraphrase done by the student from the original text from the article which was written as burn at a a lot higher emotional temperature (qtd. in Spatt 475). This being the case, the student did not need to put this inside quotation marks.The phrase ritualistic pushing (Spatt 476) should have included three periods in between and after the words ritualistic and pushing because in the original article, there were additional words in between and after the two words. The addition of three periods in between these two words would advise the readers that although this was a direct quotation from the article, the student left out some of the words in order to make the statement or the phras e more cohesive and as such be able to create a clear statement while ensuring that the ideas and thoughts of the author are acknowledge in order to prevent any possibility of plagiarism (Spatt 477).Works CitedSpatt, Brenda. Writing for Sources seventh ed. Boston Bedford/St. Martins, 2007.

Personality psychology Essay

Carl Gustav Jung was born on July 26, 1875 to a Swiss Pastor and his wife, in Kesswil, Switzerland. He was raised in Basel and attended school in Klein-Huningen. As a young boy Carl was fascinated by language, literature and archeology besides was not re each(prenominal)y interested in school. He eventually enrolled and continued his education at the Humanistisches Gymnasium in Basel, and excelled at Latin. Because of his fathers faith, Jung developed a keen interest in religious history, but settled on the study of medicine at the University of Basel.He earned his medical degree in 1902 from the University of Zurich and went Paris to study psychology. Jung entered the field of psychiatry as an intern to Eugen Bleuler at the University of Zurich where he explored the unconscious mind and its related complexes. Jung was drafted into World War I and served as an army doctor for the British. In 1903, Jung married Emma Rauschenbach, with whom he had five children. Jung traveled throug hout the world to teach and influence others with his psychoanalytical theories.He published many books relating to psychology, and others that seemed outside the realm science, including Flying Saucers A red-brick Myth of Things Seen in the Skies, which examined and dissected the psychological significance of UFO sightings. Jungs work embodied his belief that each person has a life subprogram that is based in their spiritual self. Through his eastern, western and mythological studies, Jung developed a theory of transformation which he called individuation.He explained individualism as world the personal development of ones connection between the ego and self, which was based on Freuds three part theory of personality. He advertize pursued and explored the head of individuation in Psychology and Alchemy, a book in which he detailed the relationship of alchemies in the psychoanalytical process. Jung developed the idea of introversion and extroversion type of personality. He outl ined the theory of the four fundamental psychological functions of thinking, feeling, sensation and intuition.His most difficult concept deals with archetypes which are contractable predispositions to respond to the world in a certain way. Jungs relationship with Sigmund Freud began with his Studies in Word Association, a book that he published in 1906 and direct to Freud. In 1907 Jung met with Freud and their first discussions lasted 13 hours. In 1909 Jung opened his own practice and travelled to the United States with Freud. Their friendship lasted until 1913, at which time they parted ways out-of-pocket to a difference in academic opinion.Jung somewhat agreed with Freuds theory of the unconscious, but believed further in the existence of a much deeper joint unconscious and representative archetypes. He disagreed with the idea that the unconscious is motivated by sexuality. This fundamental difference caused their friendship and professional opinions to be in conflict. Carl Ju ng is recognized as one of the most influential psychiatrists of all time. He founded Analytical Psychology and was among the first experts in his field to explore the religious nature behind forgiving psychology.He developed the concept of the complex and identified the parallel roles of extraversion and introversion. He deepened the meaning of the unconscious by stating the existence of the collective unconscious and all of its archetypes. Additionally, the founders of Alcoholics Anonymous were in part inspired by Jungs belief in an evangelic cure for alcoholism. His works, theories, and schools of thought are still widely discussed in universities and psychology curriculums around the world.

How Do Cell Phones Affect Society? Essay

Mobile phones have changed how we negotiate our relationships with family, spouses and close friends. Increased levels of mobile phone subscriptions are linked with improvements in education, gender equating and political participation, particularly in developing countries. They are also associated with higher economic growth. These are among the findings of a research report by the Cologne constitute for Economic Research, which explores the ways in which mobile technologies influence economics, society and peoples private lives across 10 countries the UK, Germany, Italy, Spain, China, India, Turkey, Egypt, Kenya and South Africa.The report Mobile Technologies The digital Fabric of Our Lives, commissioned and published by the Vodafone Institute for Society and Communications bases its findings on numerous sources, including interviews with 10 top academic researchers and a worldwide scene of Vodafone country experts. Among the findings Relationships Mobile phones have altered our relationships with family, spouses and close friends.But while they seem to promise a wider kind network, more than half of the average souls calls and texts go to only four to six different people. Health Mobile phones significantly help to maintain physical and psychological health when family members behave away from home. And they enable women to maintain three roles within the household, simultaneously being wives, mothers and wage earners.Political participation More mobile phone subscriptions are fit with more democratic participation, less gender inequality and longer time spent in education. In all three areas, the impact of mobiles on social development indicators is stronger in developing countries. Economic growth Mobile technologies contribute significantly to GDP growth, with a forecast range of between 1. 8% in the UK and 24. 9% in Egypt over the years 2010-2020, compared with todays GDP. Again, the effects will be larger in developing countries.

Coffin vs Tubman Essay

Though many an new(prenominal)(prenominal) individuals in the antebellum United States felt thrall was an abomination, few felt so strongly about it that they would jeopardy their livelihood or wellbeing to fight for abolishment. Those who sought change most avidly often whiles drew inspiration from personal life-changing roll in the hays or their engrained beliefs. Anti- striverry operations such(prenominal) as the Underground Railroad could not build functioned on such a erect scale without the financial and organizational support given by wealthy citizens such as Levi Coffin. Others who had experienced slavery firsthand, like Harriet Tubman, felt that it was their duty to risk all the freedom they had won to help their enslaved family and comrades. In addition to freeing slaves and fighting to end slavery, these individuals became symbols of bravery and fortitude, giving inspiration to other abolitionists and sympathizers. Tubman and Coffin track downed in the beginning in contrastive time periods and geographical locations, but both were motivated to break slavery laws by their apparitional beliefs and their childhood experiences with the horrors of slavery.Even aft(prenominal) the independence of the slaves in 1863, there was something within these two that kept them fighting for equality and justice. Levi Coffin grew up in the heart of slave-owning America, on a farm in raw(a) Garden, North Carolina. He was innate(p) on October 28, 1798 into a devout admirer family, who believed that slavery conflicted with the teachings of their religion. Clearly his parents teachings and the influence of the Quaker residential district had a long-lasting effect on Levi, since he knew from a very young geezerhood that he was morally opposed to slavery, claiming I date my conversion to Abolitionism from an incident which occurred when I was about s level(p) years old. Working on his fathers farm with no assistance from slave labor, he developed an appre ciation for serious work and often found himself interacting with local slaves. He received very little formal education, which is astonishing, given the degree of championship success he would experience later in life. Through his teenage years he helped his parents by caring for escaping slaves who had sought refuge on their farm.Unfortunately, the toughening enforcement of the Fugitive Slave Act invite to public disdain for the Quakers, who defied the governments laws to pursue what they perceived to be the morally righteous path. To avoid increasing persecution from slaveholders who suspected them of aiding runa personal manners, the majority of Quakers in the Coffins partnership packed up their things and moved northwest to Indiana, in a similar fashion to their relatives who had emigrated from England years ago. Indiana was a part of the Northwest Territory, where slavery had been make illegal with the passing of the Northwest Ordinance in 1787. Therefore, the Coffins cou ld resume their abolitionist work in relative safety. The religious persecution experienced by Levi and his forefathers must let served as a strong reminder of the societys tendencies to mistreat groups of people and individuals who look, think, or act differently.Levi Coffin gained inspiration from Quaker teachings and use his familys substantial resources to help those whom he felt could not help themselves, whereas Harriet Tubman drew courage and strength from her experiences as a slave to aid her family and friends. Born into slavery approximately 1820 in Dorchester County, bloody shameland, Araminta Harriet Ross would at long last become one of the most famous female abolitionists of all time. Since her mother had duties to attend to in the plantation house of her possessor Mary Pattison Brodess and her father was owned by another family, she was often the only one around to look after her younger siblings. She was also sent to work for both her parents owners families and other local families from time to time.She was put to work in the woods and fields, where she became strong and acquired valuable skills she would utilize later in life. She experienced many unjust and unwarranted beatings at the hands of her owners that would scar her physically and emotionally. Probably the gravest of Tubmans injuries came in the form of a skull-fracturing blow she received at the age of fifteen from a two-pound metal weight, which had originally been aimed at another fleeing slave. She was slow to recover from this injury, and once she was fit to work again she still experienced seizures, hit-or-miss bouts of sleep, and vivid dreams and visions for the rest of her life. The difficult life she led and the painful memories she carried fueled her zest to never develop fighting for equality for her people. period Tubman and Coffin were born over 20 years apart, they were both subjected to life changing circumstances in their early years that would shape their outl ook on society and cheer their determination to help others. The Quakers were well known as forerunners in the fight against all forms of bondage and enslavement, both in the United States and Europe, though not every Quaker chose to actively aid escaping slaves. According to H. J. Cadbury, the Society of Friends would surely if slowly become a pioneer moral force in abolishing the accepted and time honored institution of slavery.For Levi Coffin though, there was no excuse to not help all those that he could. Even as a young boy he realized how terrible it would be to be torn a dash from his family and forced to work for nothing, just as the slaves he interacted with in his community had been. While Tubman was not a Quaker, her mother told her stories from the Bible as a child, and she quickly developed an unwavering religious belief in God without the conventions of any particular religious institution. Her abolitionist activities were neither limited by laws of a maneuver rel igious body nor motivated by any incentive besides her own desire to see a world without slavery.Not long after his family and neighbors in North Carolina moved to Indiana to escape persecution for their unlawful acts, Coffin chose to join them. In 1826, two years after marrying his wife Catherine, they settled down in Newport, Indiana with their firstborn son. He farmed a small plot of land and receptive a rather successful general store within his first year of living there. He soon learned that there was a community of free African Americans near Newport, which was unfortunately a well-known stopping point for escaped slaves making their way northward along the Underground Railroad. He did not hesitate to approach the black community to let them know that he would gladly harbor these runaways, since his property was far less likely to be suspected of aiding escaped slaves. As his neighbors and others observed the success that Levi was having in helping runaways, they became incr easingly willing to offer their assistance in the form of food, clothes, and shelter.With more(prenominal) support, Levi and his supporters were eventually able to develop a secret network of safe locations for fugitive slaves to stop as they were smuggled north to Canada. He continued to help more and more slaves escape to freedom, and his house became known as the Grand Central Station of the Underground Railroad, which was fitting, given the fact that it was the meeting point of escape routes from Madison, New Albany, and Cincinnati. His trading initially struggled while the majority of the community disapproved of his illegal activity, but as more citizens who opposed slavery moved into the area he dictum increased sales.After becoming the director of the Richmond branch of the Bank of Indiana, he was financially able to increase his contributions to his fugitive aid efforts. He even built an addition on his house where he could hide up runaways from the slave-hunters who con stantly checked his house for escapees. Despite public fellowship of his involvement with the abolition movement, Coffin never attentioned for his safety or the safety of his family and business claiming, If by doing my duty and endeavoring to fulfill the injunctions of the Bible, I injured my business, then let my business go. As to my safety, my life was in the hands of my Divine Master, and I felt that I had his approval.Tubman eventually married a free man named John, whose last name she took, and around the same time, changed her first name to Harriet. Although marriages between free and enslaved blacks were not uncommon, they did nothing to change the status of the enslaved individual. As Tubmans value as a slave diminished ascribable to symptoms associated with her head injury, her owner Edward Brodess flacked to sell her, but could not make a sale before he himself died. Brodesss terminal all but guaranteed that Harriet would be sold and separated from her family and hu sband. At this point she decided that she would live in slavery no longer, and made an escape attempt with two of her brothers in September of 1849, condescension Johns advice against it. They did not make it far before her brothers got cold feet and she was forced to return with them. It did not take her long after this to make a second attempt at escape, this time with nobody else.She made use of the Underground Railroad to make her way north to Pennsylvania, often traveling by night and victimization her knowledge of the land to survive. Although she was free in Philadelphia, where she was working odd jobs and saving money, Tubman could not be content while her family and friends were still enslaved in Maryland. Unfortunately though, the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 prompted many escaped slaves living in free states to venture hike up north to Canada, since they were no longer protected from slave-hunters, and Tubman was once again a fugitive. Upon hearing that her niece was to b e sold in Baltimore, she travelled there from Philadelphia to aid in her extended familys escape. She successfully transported them back to Philadelphia, and was soon returning to Baltimore to free her brother and two others.With her newfound abilities as a strong leader, she made her way back to Dorchester County to attempt to free those whom she cared about most. However, she found that her husband John had remarried and claimed to be happy in Maryland. Rather than make a scene that could vector sum in her capture, Tubman swallowed her pain and decided to aid several other slaves who were anxious to escape. She would make approximately 19 trips into southern states in the next eleven years, guiding as many as 300 individuals north to freedom, including her other brothers and their families. In her time not spent guiding slaves out of Maryland, she helped guide those escaped slaves who had already made it to Pennsylvania further north to the political refuge of Canada.Coffin and T ubman both claimed that their faith in God overpowered any fear they may have had regarding their own safety or wellbeing. They felt as though there was no way they could be punished for doing Gods work. Tubmans omnipotent visions and dreams often took on a religious theme, which she interpreted as God speaking to her. While Coffin did not have visions, he had strong faith and varying centers of support from his community. Their driving forces were similar, yet their means of lending aid were almost exactly opposite. Where Coffin provided lodging, food, and transportation, Tubman acted as more of a shepherd, sharing her knowledge and courage with the runaways she guided. Tubman was reliant on help from anti-slavery activists like Coffin to provide her runaways and her with food and shelter. Allegedly, she received a great deal of help from northeastern Quakers such as Thomas Garret, which demonstrates the Quakers aversion to slavery, no matter where they lived.The life of an Aboli tionist in the 19th century United States was anything but easy, given the fact that they were battling an antique institution that was deeply engrained in the culture of the nation. Both Tubman and Coffin faced adversity wherever they attempted to assist escaped slaves, though the obstacles they faced were different given their very different circumstances. Being an escaped slave herself, Tubman was constantly in danger of being recognized and taken back to the south, especially after the passage of the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850. She could use this to her advantage on her frequent trips into southern states though, often hiding in plain sight by acting like she was busy running errands for an owner. While Tubman acted in secrecy and used her relative anonymity to her advantage, Coffin managed to help thousands of slaves escape to freedom despite his local fame and constant scrutiny from law enforcement and public officials.After public support for his actions increased amongst hi s community members, he was able to expand his network endeavoring into the business of transporting runaways along secret routes. Coffin noted that many times, people who were not abolitionists were deeply moved by the sight of another human fleeing slavery. However, the Quakers were a historically unpopular religious faction in both Europe and America, and eventually the leaders of the Quakers governing body decided his actions could possibly set up law enforcement officials and the non-Quaker community to force them to move once more. Using his skills as a leader and organizer, he simply formed his own sect of the Quaker religion known as the Antislavery Friends. One notable quality shared by both Tubman and Coffin was their undying need to help others and willingness to sacrifice everything they had.In 1847, Coffin undertook the unappealing task of moving to Cincinnati to try to promote goods produced from free labor, even though the quality was poor and he saw almost no profit s from such goods. He felt as though it was an important business venture to support, and gave no heed to the financial risks. After operating his business rather unsuccessfully for some time in Cincinnati, he began helping escaped slaves again by opening his house as a stop on the Underground Railroad. As emancipation became more likely he began to concern himself with the wellbeing of freed slaves, helping to form the Western freedmans upkeep Society and petitioning the government to form the Freedmans Bureau to help freed slaves receive educations and get jobs to support themselves.He would raise over $100,000 for the Western Freedmans Aid Society after the Civil War, and attended several notable international anti-slavery conventions. Eventually he slowed down in his old age, declaring that he would retire from this stressful lifestyle after the passage of the Fifteenth Amendment, since the abolitionists had won what they had been fighting for all these years. Coffins views on such matters conflicted with many other Quakers who felt as though, opposing slavery was one thing, and, envisioning the place of free people of color in American society was quite another.In the years leading up to the Civil War, Tubman took an aggressive stance, advocating the need for definitive action. She helped John Brown recruit volunteers for his attempted revolt at the raid on Harpers Ferry in 1858, though she did not actually participate in the skirmish due to her illness. Throughout the War, she aided the Union as a blob and nurse, and even led an armed raid on several plantations along the Combahee River. However, the whole time she worked for the Union Army she was never paid a veritable(a) salary, and did not receive an official pension for her service until 1899. This is why she was especially unique as a leader, because she had experienced both the oppression of slavery and the prepossession of a strongly male-dominant society.This is why she was keen on joining the womens suffrage movement later in her life, and quickly rose to be a great leader working alongside Susan B. Anthony. Later on in life, she also contributed a portion of her land in Auburn, New York to be used to build a care center for impoverished elderly African Americans. This was the same land on which she had housed her parents, siblings, and many fugitive slaves, suggesting that she was intent on using her land to aid those for whom she cared. All of her efforts eventually left her in a great deal of debt, despite her status as a folk booster and truly inspirational American patriot, and she would spend her last years living in the rest home named after her.To compare Levi Coffin and Harriet Tubman is difficult due to their differing circumstances and methods for assisting escaped slaves. Tubman could hardly have provided an inconspicuous and consistent hiding place for those she helped on her early missions, due to her fugitive status and lack of pixilated income. Coff in found that providing the financial backing for a large network was more effective than if he were to have simply guided a few escapees at a time to the safety of Canada. Both Tubman and Coffin had to draw strength from their faith and experiences to become the leaders that they were, and their actions reflected the conviction they felt for advancing the abolitionist movement.To bring about change, there must be individuals who are willing to take the reins and expedite the process through action. These individuals must act with no fear and no regret, with total confidence that their plans will bear the fruit of success. Levi Coffin and Harriet Tubman luckily lived to see the fall of slavery, which they felt justified all of their efforts and any amount of law breaking they partook in over the years.BibliographyBrawley, Benjamin G. Women of Achievement. Womens American Baptist Home Mission Society, 1919. http//www.unz.org/Pub/BrawleyBenjamin-1919 (accessed November 24, 2012).Cadbu ry, H. J. Another Early Quaker Anti-Slavery Document. The Journal of total darkness History 27 (1942), http//www.jstor.org/stable/2714734 (accessed November 24, 2012).Chism, Kahlil. Harriet Tubman Spy, Veteran, and Widow. OAH Magazine of History, March 2005, http//www.jstor.org/stable/25163763 (accessed November 18, 2012).Coffin, Levi. Reminiscences of Levi Coffin, the Reputed President of the Underground Railroad Being a Brief History of the Labors of a sprightliness in Behalf of the Slave, with the Stories of Numerous Fugitives, who Gained Their Freedom Through His Instrumentality, and Many Other Incidents. R. Clarke & Company, 1880. (accessed November 17, 2012).Eusebius, Mary. A Modern Moses Harriet Tubman. The Jornal of Negro Education 19 (1950), http//www.jstor.org/stable/2966264 (accessed November 18, 2012).Gara, Larry. The Professional Fugitive in the Abolitionist Movement. The Wisconsin Magazine of History, Spring1965, http//www.jstor.org/stable/4634052 (accessed November 2 0, 2012).Hamm, Thomas D., Beckman, April, Florio, Marissa, Hopper, Kirsti, & Giles, Marie. A Great and Good People Midwestern Quakers and the Struggle Against Slavery. Indiana Magazine of History, March 2004, http//www.jstor.org/stable/27792525 (accessed November 18, 2012).The subject field Cyclopaedia of American Biography Being the History of the United States. New York J. T. White, 1898, 1892-1947. Vol. 1-13. pp. 93-1909. (accessed November 24, 2012).Waldrip, W. D. A Station of the Underground Railroad. The Indiana Quarterly Magazine of History, June 1911, http//www.jstor.org/stable/27785315 (accessed November 20, 2012).Yannessa, Mary Ann. Levi Coffin Quaker Breaking Bonds of Slavery in Ohio and Indiana. Friends United Press , 2001. (accessed November 18, 2012).

Religion Christianity Essay

In relation to range 834, the teachings of Martin Luther, combined with the Sacrament of Baptism and the ethical use of perform teachings on bioethics, all represent the above sentiment. Significantly, Martin Luther, a fifteenth century German monk, set to right the path the church was leading its adherents to help the processs of the Church absorb up their Cross to comprise messiah. One of the major sacraments he fervently believed was necessary to come after rescuer is the Sacrament of Baptism, which is still applicable in the lie ins of Christians today.This sacrament, which invites the adherent into the ethical guidelines of the Church, is essential for the adherent as it enables them to come after Jesus finished the practical application of his teachings through their lives. Thus, a combination of evidentiary people, sacraments and ethics of Christianity all link to represent the sentiment in Mark 834. In the 15th Century, Martin Luther, a German Christian monk at t he time, visited Rome and saw the corruption of the Church, denying adherents to hear up their cross.Revolted, Luther wrote his first significant dogma, the Disputation of the Power and Efficacy of Indulgences (1517), nailed to the Church door, was revolutionary in righting Church doctrine to allow adherents to come after Jesus. In the document, Luther preached that indulgences were a way by the corrupt Church to steal m wizy of already poor people, for the already wealthy Papacy. Stating that the Church was manipulating the population by putting themselves between an individual of God, he preached against the corruptness, In the absence of justice, what is sovereignty but organized robbery? (St Augustine).Instead, he preached his new theology, one which stuck a chord with many people as the writings spread due to the printing press. The teaching of, The upright man finds feel through faith was the start of core teachings that would usurp Church doctrine by enabling the adherent to deny himself, take up his cross and cost Jesus. However, perhaps Luthers most important document of all was conceived in 1522 The German Translation of the volume.This single document enabled the ordinary Christian adherent to detect Jesus as laid out in Mark 834. Through this, people could achieve justification by faith alone and was the strength through which an individuals relationship with God could be achieved. The clergy and Church doctrine were no longer needed to guarantee the individuals advancement into heaven. The corrupt warp of the Church could be ceased as common people could now read teachings for themselves, instead of the illegible Latin text.By giving people the tool to follow Jesus into everlasting life, personal relationships with God could grow. This final text was the catalyst for the now known Protestant Reformation, inciting a rift against Protestants and Catholics that would shape the church doctrine and development up until the present day. One sac rament that Luther encouraged the Church to keep was the Sacrament of Baptism. This Sacrament essentially gives encouragement for the adherent to follow Jesus to take up his Cross through the promise of Salvation.This tool to heaven for adherents positively impacts upon adherents as it encourages them to live a life and follow the way Jesus preached it and develop a positive relationship with God and the community ad embrace the Grace they will receive. Significantly as well, the statement in the Bible by Mark, he who believes and is baptised will be saved (Mark 1616), gives evidence to this sacred link between the sacrament of Baptism and salvation. This link, then, provides reason for adherents to live a good, fulfilling life in the eyes of Jesus and to follow Jesus teachings.Baptism is furthermore representative of Mark 834 as it initiates adherent rebirth into the Church to render part of the Body of Christ. The Christian community is the living Christ whose job is to spread the good news thus to come after Jesus and what he preached in his Ministry. The baptismal vows ask the candidate to ever remain faithful to His Church and in doing so, one takes on the responsibility of being an active member of the community and to nurture the faith of others. Similarly, the community is sked to help foster the faith of those baptised and to reflect on their own beliefs and the way they follow Jesus.Candidates must live according to the laws and practices of the community in which they have been baptised into. In baptism, one affirms their faith in the principle beliefs of Christianity essential in allowing the adherent to deny himself, and take up his Cross, and follow Jesus. This ideal of following Jesus, as communicated in Mark 834, is practiced in many ways by adherents importantly through taking a Christian ethical stance on bioethical issues.The ethical teachings of Jesus non only guide the adherent to make the right stopping point about bioethical issu es, but they also allow the adherent to choose the right path and come after Jesus. Agape, the love for friends as well as enemies, is one of the most influential ethical teachings. Exhibited in the Scripture in Matthew 543-44, Love your enemies and pray for those whom persecute you is a huge deciding factor in ethical decision making, taking into account this love for all humans the application of which allows the adherent to and take up his Cross, and follow Jesus. This application is evident through the Christian ethical stance on euthanasia.Very simply, the stance taken by Catholic, Orthodox and Uniting is influenced by a single Commandment, Thou shalt not kill (Exodus). There is a unified belief that euthanasia is wrong, as it breaches the guidelines of agape, and violates the other major ethical teachings of human dignity and humans made in the image of God. By applying this teaching of Jesus onto these bioethical issues, such as euthanasia, the adherent is allowed to come af ter Jesus and to follow him.Thus, the practices, teachings and significant idols of Christianity definitely represent the Mark 834 sentiment. From Luthers righting of Church doctrine to allow adherents to come after and follow Jesus, to the encouragement to follow Jesus through the Baptism sacrament and the application of Jesus ministry through bioethics, the practices and teachings of Christianity fervently represent the above sentiment.

Hip-Hop’s Betrayal of Black Women Essay

Baby Mommas, bellyacher Heads, or Bitches, (McLune 214) are some of the most misogynistic words found in Hip-Hop today. Jennifer McLune, a librarian, activist, and generator living in Washington. D. C. is taking a stance against the misogyny. Hip-Hops Betrayal of Black Women by Jennifer McLune is a response article to Kevin Powells article, Notes of a Hip Hop Head. In his article, Powell poses poverty as the explanation for the sexism found in hip-hop today. McLune believes that, Powells explanations of hip hop are one commission to silence those that are critiquing it.McLune begins to explain that Kevins argument, completely ignores the fact that women, too, are raised in this environs of poverty and violence, but have yet to produce the same negative and hateful representation of dark-skinned men (McLune 214). McLune believes that Artists and role models should take more responsibility with their music and what they represent. McLune argues that a lot of conscious artists, much(prenominal) as Common, are too eager to gain acceptance by popular mainstream artists. Thus, causing them to relinquish their morals and commend mainstream artists for their accomplishments.Mclune goes on to say that artists should embody respect between genders through their music. She argues that Black womanly rappers are just as much to blame as their male peers. She encou exasperations women to speak in a collective voice, as to defend themselves, instead of creation hyper feminine and hyper sexual to please men. (McLune 215) Powell adds that hip-hop has created a way for black people to win, by creating something tabu of absolutely nonhing. McLune follows with a rebuttal stating if sexism is the route to mainstream acceptability, and that is what it takes to win, than each(prenominal) black women are the losers.McLune demands acknowledgement from apologists, acknowledging that black women are in fact black people to. She said, when somebody attacks a woman in the b lack community, black people should unite and respond adequately as though it was an attack on every member in the black community. McLune challenges Hip-hop by refusing to be a victim of it and refuses to reward it with her money or her attention. She strongly believes that hip-hop should fail until it does right by every black woman. McLune closes by pleading with the black community.She wants to see every black person fate woman-hating as the enemy of the entire black community. If and only then, hip-hop would be forced to change. However as it stands, Mclune does not seem to have much faith in the black community. She believes that rappers are more pertain with money and black women are being thugged and rubbed all the way to the bank (McLune 217). A Summary of slam-bang Media is Good for Kids Gerard Jones, a writer of comics, screen plays, and cartoons, takes quite the stance on violence in media.In his article Violent Media is Good for Kids, Jones discusses slam-bang media and its positive impact on kids. When reflecting on his own childhood, whilst adaptation Marvel Comics, he baffles plenty with the following statement, They were good for me because they were juvenile. And violent (Jones 230). Jones favorite Marvel Comic constitution was Hulk. As a child, Hulk became Jones fantasy self. He describes Hulk as being this overgendered, unsocial being that was always misunderstood. For some strange reason, Jones found compatibility and comfort in Hulk.In his 30s, Jones wrote various consummation movies and comic books. Shortly thereafter, he found himself helping other children by building off of the experiences they were already enduring. He writes about a young missy named Emily whose parents were separating. Emily began to worry both her teacher and her mom when she started constitution violent stories. Jones counseled her mother and helped her further develop her daughters stories. Through doing so, he claims, that this young girl was able to b ecome more self-controlled and socially competent (Jones 232).Jones argues that people are able to pull themselves out of emotional traps by immersing themselves in violent stores. A child pretending to have superhuman powers helps them flog the feelings of powerlessness that inevitably comes with being so young and small (Jones 231). He argues that children will feel rage, however the sweetest children. While immersing themselves in imaginary and fantasy like combat children are able to express the rage theyve always been forced to suppress.Jones encourages parents to not be so concerned with their children growing up into murderous human-beings. Instead, realizing that violent media is necessary and if taken away they may grow up to be easily manipulated. Jones understands that violent media is not always harmless that it has impacted peoples lives negatively. Jones argues that violent media helped hundreds of people for every one its hurt (Jones 232). He said we are not shelter ing our children from violence, but rather, power and selfhood.