Darkness At Noon By Arthur Koestler - 2221 Words

Darkness at Noon, written by British novelist Arthur Koestler in 1940, is a criticism of Stalinism and the methods used by the Communist Party in the USSR. The novel was set in 1938 during the Stalinist Great Purge and Moscow show trials. Even though the story depicts actual occurrences, it does not specifically name either Russia or the USSR, but the characters do have Russian names while other generic terms are used to depict individuals and associations. For instance, the Soviet government is alluded to as the Party and Nazi Germany is alluded to as the Dictatorship. Joseph Stalin, a terrorizing dictator, is represented by Number One. The novel is a strong and moving picture of a Communist revolutionary caught up in the terror†¦show more content†¦It is important in the understanding of â€Å"anti-vivisection morality† and â€Å"grammatical fiction† to also understand the Russia in which Rubashov was living. In the 1930s, Russia was a communist country fol lowing principles based on the ideas of Karl Marx. Marx believed that at some point in time, all societies end up being communist which can only be accomplished through revolution. In the early 1900s, Russian was governed by the Bolshevik party led by Vladimir Lenon. Stalin came into power after Lenin died and shortly thereafter, he began executing all those who he believed posed some kind of threat to his power. In Darkness at Noon, this is exactly what happened to the protagonist, Nicolas Rubashov. He was an elite in the Party and was there as â€Å"Number One† rose to power and later became a victim during the Moscow purges. The power that â€Å"Number One,† in reality Stalin, wielded, had been seen before and since his time in leaders such as Cuba’s Castro and North Korea’s Kim II Sung. Both followed similar paths to Stalin in eliminating all opposition and threats to their power. â€Å"Number One,† like Stalin, got rid of anyone who coul d possibly threaten him and take over. With that thought in mind, we are back to looking at how Arthur Koestler portrayed the character of Rubashov as a vehicle to illustrate the struggle between the ideas of the party and of the individual. The conspicuous disagreement of the Communist Party is the contention betweenShow MoreRelated`` Darkness At Noon `` By Arthur Koestler2081 Words   |  9 PagesNovel name as â€Å"Darkness at Noon† is Written by a British novelist Arthur Koestler. For the first time, this novel was published in 1940. The novel situated in 1938 amid the Stalinist Great Purge and Moscow reveal trials. In spite of being initiated on genuine occasions, the novel does not title either Russia or the USSR, and tends to utilize non-specific terms to depict individuals and associations: for instance, the Soviet government is alluded to as the Party and Nazi Germany is alluded to asRead MoreThe Failure Of The Communist Movement1347 Words   |  6 Pages years w ent by and Russia only saw the significant decrease of Soviet citizens caused by forced famine and liquidation. The failure of the communist movement can be seen in its flaws of its ideology. Arthur Koestler depicts and explains the fundamental flaw of communism, in his work Darkness at Noon, as the first person singular, simply known as â€Å"I†. The philosophy of Stalinist’s perfect soviet society are ruined because of this â€Å"grammatical fiction.† What is â€Å"Grammatical Fiction†? In a communistRead MoreDarkness At Noon And Joseph Conrad s Heart Of Darkness2006 Words   |  9 PagesArthur Koestler’s Darkness at Noon and Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness offer important realizations about the honest nature of the world through effective portrayals of how truth, or the lack thereof, contribute to the unity of humanity. Darkness at Noon displays an in-depth life story of Rubashov, a man imprisoned for political crimes, who becomes torn between the evolving ideology of the Party and his own moral ideals. Focusing on his incarceration, the story provides effective insight into whyRead MoreDarkness at Noon Essay2227 Words   |  9 PagesRevolution and the purges of Leninist and Stalinist Russia have spawned a literary output that is as diverse as it is voluminous. Darkness at Noon, a novel detailing the infamous Moscow Show Trials, conducted during the reign of Joseph Stalin is Arthur Koestler’s commentary upon the event that was yet another a ttempt by Stalin to silence his critics. In the novel, Koestler expounds upon Marxism, and the reason why a movement that had as its aim the â€Å"regeneration of mankind, should issue in its enslavement†Read MoreEssay on Guilty Betrayal in Arthur Koestlers Darkness at Noon1381 Words   |  6 PagesGuilty Betrayal in Arthur Koestlers Darkness at Noon Arthur Koestlers Darkness at Noon depicts the fallacious logic of a totalitarian regime through the experiences of Nicolas Salmanovitch Rubashov. Rubashov had fought in the revolution and was once part of the Central Committee of the Party, but he is arrested on charges of instigating attempted assassinations of No. 1, and for taking part in oppositional, counter-revolutionary activities, and is sent to a Soviet prison. Rubashov, in hisRead MoreDarkness at Noon Essay2101 Words   |  9 PagesMarkovic Western Heritage 26 March 2012 Darkness At Noon Many critics consider Arthur Koestlers novel, Darkness At Noon, to be one of the most insightful literary works regarding the qualitative attributes and characteristics of a totalitarian regime. Because of Koestlers personal experience as a Fascists prisoner under Franco, one can understand and appreciate the deep connecting parallels between Nicholas Rubashov, the protagonist, and Arthur Koestler, the author. At the time when this novelRead MoreLangston Hughes Research Paper25309 Words   |  102 Pagescongenial, and they spent many hours playing poker, telling adventure stories, and singing songs in foreign languages. In December, after the freighter became iced in, Hughes read Samuel Butlers The Way of All Flesh, Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness, and other classic novels. During this time, he wrote fifteen poems, among them, My People, and Three Poems of Harlem, about jazz music, street women, and emotion-charged religion. In a poem entitled F.S. Hughes expresses sadness that a friend

Essay about Anorexia - Is There A Cure What Is It

Is There A Cure? What Is It? Although there is no quick cure or medication for anorexia, there are treatments. Depending on the severity of someone suffering from anorexia, hospitalization might be necessary. For instance, if the person refuses to eat, a feeding tube would be required. At a hospital, anorexics will need treatments for malnutrition involving a significant focus on weight gain since they are drastically underweight. After hospitalization, anorexics go through programs that treat the psychological disorders relating to anorexia involving guidance from a medical-care provider, a nutritionist, and a mental-health-care provider. There are also other programs that treat anorexia ranging from individual therapy to group or†¦show more content†¦Anorexics can go to a variety of places for help. There are eating disorder clinics in Canada that offers courses and counselling to prevent or treat anorexia in Canada such as the Cedric Centre, St. Pauls and BC Childrens Ho spital/Youth Clinic. The courses range from workshop to individual or group therapy designed to raise someone’s confidence. In addition there are camps that help anorexics by focusing on healthy eating and living through helpful adventures and finding support from others suffering from the exact same problems. An example of one of the camps is the Looking Glass Foundation of BC. For more information about these various places go to these following websites: http://www.lookingglassbc.com/ http://www.cedriccentre.com/ What type of people does it affect the most? Approximately 95% of anorexics are female. Usually young women are concerned about the way their bodies look and some might purposely starve themselves because of social pressure to be thin. Teens are faced with feelings of uncertainty and anxiety and want to fit in and be popular. Although anorexia is most common in teens, young children and adults also suffer from this eating disorder. Occupations that involve having a certain body type such as athletes, models, ballet dancers and actors are also at a greater risk of developing anorexia. What will happen if Anorexia is left untreated? What are the health risks? Since anorexicsShow MoreRelatedEating Disorders : The Forgotten Issue1302 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent types of eating disorders, the main ones are anorexia, bulimia, and binge eating. Anorexia is probably the most well known of all the eating disorders, defined as â€Å"loss of appetite†, people with anorexia normally do not eat or eat very small portions (â€Å"Anorexia Nervosa†). Bulimia, is another eating disorder where people eat mass amounts of food and then discard the food from their body. (Bulimia Nervosa.) This is very different from anorexia but they both have similar reasoning behind themRead MoreEating Disorders : Anorexia Nervosa1462 Words   |  6 Pagesdisorders, but there are three common ones that are known today, which are anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder. Eating disorders are not healthy, this type of disease can be very fatal and crucial to one s health   mentally, physically, and socially. The purpose of this repor t is to provide background information about eating disorders, strategies to prevent this illness from occurring, and lastly potential cures and treatments that can be attained to an individual if the illnessRead MoreEating Disorders : A Struggle Women Face All Around The World1114 Words   |  5 Pagesincreasingly more prevalent in America as time continues. People do not die from suicide; they die from sadness. According to the South Carolina Department of Mental Health one in two hundred American women suffer from anorexia and twenty percent of people suffering from anorexia will prematurely die from complications caused by their eating disorder commonly between the ages of twelve to twenty-five. No girl at such a young age should have such â€Å"thin† expectations of herself. Images of women inRead MoreBeauty Only Skin Deep: The Reality of Anorexia and Bulimia 1574 Words   |  7 PagesThere are many forms of eating disorders in the world; however, the two most common disorders are Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa. Anorexia and Bulimia are found mostly in teens and young adult women (Amjad). Anorexia Nervosa is an eating disorder in which a person will starve them self in order to loose weight. (Amjad) Bulimia Nervosa is another common form of an eating disorder. In this case a person will go through periods of binge eating and then self-induce themselves to purge or vomitRead MoreThe Effects Of Media On Body Weight And Disordered Eating1203 Words   |  5 Pagessyndrome of â€Å"eating disorders† is now emerging as a place of importance in our society. Rhetorical Purpose: 2 â€Å"One reason it is so important to understand how the rhetoric of popular media coverage of anorexia articles maintains women s marginalization is that The American Anorexia and Bulimia Association [AABA] (2001) estimates that five million U.S. women suffer from some form of eating disorder, 15 percent of Americans have eating disordered attitudes, and 1,000 people will die each yearRead MoreCommon Psychological Disorders And How They Affect A Persons Daily Life995 Words   |  4 PagesAbstract In this essay I will be discussing five of the most common psychological disorders and how they affect a persons daily life, behavior, weight, personality and etc. The five disorders I will be mentioning are: Alzheimer, OCD/panic/anxiety, Anorexia, Autism, and depression. According to studies there can be 3 million or more people are diagnosed with one of these disorders each year. These disorders lead to cases like memory loss, extreme dieting, self-harm, unwanted thoughts, bad communicationRead MoreMim Udovitch vs. Ken Jackson Essay1484 Words   |  6 Pagesmodels on T.V, magazines and so on. The  New York Times  publishes articles for the majority of the audience to read, which  is mostly adults.  Mim  Udovitch’s  article, â€Å"A Secret Society of the Starving†Ã‚  talks about two major eating disorders that are anorexia and bulimia within many girls.  Udovitch  reports stories about three girls that are going through these disorders or have gone thr ough them. The three girls  Udovitch  includes are Claire, Chaos, and  Futurebird. Ken Jackson’s interpretation of  Udovitch’s  articleRead MoreWhat Are Eating Disorders?1445 Words   |  6 PagesWhat are eating disorders? The eating disorders anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating, and their variants, all feature serious disturbances in eating behavior and weight regulation (Eating Disorders: About More Than Food, 2014). Many eating disorders are associated with different types of psychological, physical, and social consequences. An individual with an eating disorder may start out with a simple diet or cutting back on their intake of food, but at some point, there is an urgeRead MoreAnorexia Nervosa As A Pathological Fear Of Gaining Weight1195 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Anorexia Nervosa is a type of eating disorder defined as a pathological fear of gaining weight. In its simple term, is self-starvation. There are records that Simone Porta of Genoa, Italy, diagnosed the first medical account of anorexia nervosa in 1500. A hundred years later, in 1689, Sir. Richard Morton, a British physician offered a detailed explanation of the medical illness and reported two adolescent cases (One female and one male). He describes it as wasting away due to emotionalRead MoreEssay on Anorexia1228 Words   |  5 Pages quot;Anorexia Nervosaquot; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Bizarre, devastating, and baffling are three words that describe the anorexia nervosa disease. By definition, anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder in which a normal-weight person diets and becomes significantly underweight, yet, still feeling fat, continue to starve themselves. The term quot;anorexia nervosaquot; literally means nervous lose of appetite. People with the disorder are suppressing a strong desire to eat, because they are

Wal-Mart Supply Chain. free essay sample

Docking system. ЂDistribution centers were serviced by own Wal-Marts trucks. their hours of service every day. ЂHiring only experienced drivers for trucks. Distribution system Barcode Technology. Establish long -term relationships Hand-Held computer system. Procured goods directly from manufacturers. Drivers had to report 2. -The use of innovative information technology tools had benefited Wal-Marts supply management. In the light of the above statement, briefly explain how IT benefited Wal-Marts logistics and inventory management. About logistics benefits: Various technologies made supply chain more convenient regardless the area. They Made distribution process more efficient in terms of money and time (cross docking). With this they finished goods directly supplied to customers from manufacturing plant which meant happy customers and reduced storage of finished goods. About inventory benefits: Used his own satellite communication system, autonomous. Wal-Mart also automated Reordering System which allows them to collaborate with other companies and to control the huge supply chain. We will write a custom essay sample on Wal-Mart Supply Chain. or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Nevertheless, they used new technology like algorithm system to forecast exact quantities and bar Coding and fixed optical eader, these technologies made an efficient picking, receiving and also they did proper inventory control picking and were a major advance for physical counting of inventory. 3. -What were the supply chain management process adopted by Wal-Mart and how far were they effective? Discuss. Procurement and Distribution processes. Wal-Mart Procured directly from manufacturers, generally, preferred local and regional vendor and suppliers. These were effective because the lowed price to customers, helped supervisor to monitor their employees losely and helped to satisfy customer needs quickly. Logistic Management Used more than 3,500 trucks for transportation. Cares about Hiring only experienced drivers. And shifted from supply chain to demand chain. Both of them were effective processes because goods were picked directly from manufacturer and they reduced the handling and storage charges. Inventory Management : Used of IT and Communication system like satellite communication. Allowed Wal-Mart to Collaborate with PG. These were effective processes because they helped many areas to communicate with tores, reduce unproductive inventory and helped in accurate distribution of goods. 4. What was the nature of benefits derived by Wal-mart from the efficient supply chain management practices and how far it has contributed to its sustainable competitive advantage? faster than its competitors * warehouse space Low transportation cost. Wal-Mart was able to fill the shelves four times Increased Accurate forecasting of inventory levels allowed elimination of old stocks and maintained quality of goods * Everything focous to have best sell-price

The Age Of The Universe Essays - Physical Cosmology, Big Bang

The Age of the Universe INTRODUCTION: The goal of the project is to find the age of the universe according to the theory that there were equal amounts of the two uranium isotopes U235 and U238 at the time of the Big Bang. At present, there are 137.7 U238 atoms for each atom of U235. We know that the half-life of U235 is 0.71 billion years, and the half-life of U238 is 4.51 billion years, we used this information to determine the age of the universe. We started by looking at the problem mathematically and then after figuring out the age of the universe with the above information. We proceeded to look for other sources of information about the age of the universe with supporting data. The two largest sources that were found were a Seattle University professor and a theory proposed by Edwin Hubble. CALCULATIONS Using the information above, we Y238(t) = Y238(0)ekt = No ekt Where No ekt is initial amount presumed equal for both isotopes. Y238(0) is the amount at Big Bang. Using the half-life formula of k = -ln2/T1. Where T1 is 4.51 in billion of years. Y235(t) = Y235(0)ekt = No ekt Y235(0) is the amount at Big Bang. Using the half-life formula of k2 = -ln2/T2. Where T2 is 0.71 in billions of years. Given these equations, they hypothesis of the problem is states that Y235(tnow) 1 Y238(tnow) = 137.7 Y238(tnow) Y235(tnow) = 137.7 So Y238(tnow) = Y238(0) ekt = No ek2tnow = etnow(k2-K1) = 137.7 Y235(tnow) Y235(0) ekt Noek1tnow Given that tnow cancels out for both U235 and U238 we are left with the equation of: tnow ( -ln2 + -ln2) = 137.7 4.51 0.71 tnow ( .82257) = ln(137.7) tnow (.82257) = 4.92508 solving for tnow: tnow = 5.987 billion years. So this theory estimates the age of the universe to roughly 6 billion years old. COUNTERING THEORIES: HUBBLE THEORY In 1929, Edwin Hubble decided that because the light coming from most galaxies was redshifted. (The apparent change in wavelength of sound or light caused by the motion of the source, observer or both. Waves emitted by a moving object as received by an observer will be blueshifted (compressed) if approaching, redshifted (elongated) if receding. It occurs both in sound and light. How much the frequency changes depend on how fast the object is moving toward or away from the receiver.) Hubble concluded that the universe must be expanding after exploding from an infinitesimal volume of super hot, super dense concentration of matter and energy. The explosion is called the big bang, which propelled matter in all directions and at all speeds. According to the big bang theory, the farther away an object is from us, the more redshifted its light. Also, a greater redshift means the object is moving away faster than objects with less redshift. In Designs and Origins in Astronomy, Mulfinger explains the redshift technique for measuring distances to distant galaxies. If the universe is not expanding, this cannot be true and the redshift must be due to other causes. An astronomer can tell how old the universe is by the rate of expansion. Cowen in 1994, clarifies that if the redshift is due to something other than expansion, nothing can be said about the universe's age. As we shall discuss further in connection with the big bang, there is strong evidence that the Universe has not always existed, but instead came into being a finite amount of time ago. There are several measures of the age of the Universe. Let us discuss two: (1) the age of globular clusters and (2) the inverse of the Hubble constant. Globular Clusters As a counter to the mathematical theory, globular clusters provide a measure of the age of the cluster. A cluster is a system of galaxies containing from a few to a few thousand-member galaxies, which are all gravitationally bound to each other. Thus, the age of such clusters place a limit on the age of the Universe, for it must be at least as old as the objects that it contains. Such estimates typically yield ages in the range 14-18 billion years Hubble Time The inverse of the Hubble constant H has the units of time because the Hubble law is v = H d where v is the velocity of recession,